Data Safety Monitoring Boards (DSMBs) are a key component of risk-based oversight and ongoing safety monitoring within clinical trials. This 30-minute Flash Learn provides a concise introduction to DSMB purpose, structure, and function, and situates DSMBs within the broader Human Research Protection Program (HRPP) responsibilities. Participants will learn when DSMBs are required or recommended, how their recommendations support continuing review and risk assessment, and what IRBs and institutions should expect to receive as part of their oversight obligations. This session offers a focused, practical foundation for understanding DSMBs as part of effective participant protection systems.