The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the research enterprise. Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) must be equipped to understand and evaluate the risks, benefits, and implications of AI-driven studies - particularly those involving human participants. Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) must be equipped to understand and evaluate the risks, benefits, and implications of AI-driven studies—particularly those involving human participants. As research protocols increasingly incorporate AI, IRBs face the urgent task of adapting their review processes to ensure continued protection of rights and welfare. This seminar provides a foundational overview of AI concepts and their applications across diverse research settings. Participants will learn to distinguish between studies that use AI to support research aims and those that develop new AI tools—an essential distinction when assessing ethical considerations such as transparency, bias, and informed consent. Through interactive case studies and real-world examples, attendees will explore how AI intersects with core ethical principles, with particular attention to the Belmont Report’s guidance on respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.